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Finland Investment Tax Guide 2026
Capital Gains, Hankintameno-olettama, Dividends & Crypto - the OmaVero Guide

30%/34% capital income tax over EUR 30,000, statutory FIFO (TVL 47.4 §, KHO 2024:123), the 20%/40% deemed acquisition cost, the EUR 1,000 small-disposals cliff, the 85/15 dividend split and treaty-capped foreign withholding credits - everything you need to complete the pre-completed return (esitäytetty veroilmoitus) in OmaVero

Last updated: · Reflects the 2025 tax year return corrected in spring 2026. Informational only - not tax advice.

Per-lot Form 9A rows: selling and acquisition dates, prices and expenses ready to transcribe into OmaVero
Hankintameno-olettama optimization: actual cost vs the 20%/40% deemed cost computed for every lot - the more favourable basis is chosen automatically
EUR 1,000 exemption handled: aggregate proceeds of all disposals tracked automatically, including the mirror rule that blocks small losses (TVL 48.6 § and 50.2 §)
Per-country Form 16B dividend totals with the withholding credit capped at the treaty rate (e.g. 15% for the US)
Crypto on Form 9: FIFO itemisation of every disposal - including crypto-to-crypto swaps - with the attachable PDF calculation Vero requires
Generate my tax report →

THE ESSENTIALS FOR THE SPRING 2026 RETURN

FOREIGN BROKERS REPORT NOTHING TO VERO - YOU SELF-REPORT EVERYTHING

Revolut, IBKR, Trading212, Degiro, eToro and crypto exchanges (Coinbase, Binance, Kraken) do not report to the Finnish Tax Administration, so their trades, dividends, interest and crypto disposals are entirely missing from your pre-completed return (esitäytetty veroilmoitus). Every disposal, dividend and interest payment must be self-reported in OmaVero - including sales under the EUR 1,000 threshold and non-deductible losses, which must still be itemised. For crypto, DAC8 service-provider reporting only starts with tax year 2026 (first reports in 2027).

CAPITAL INCOME TAX: 30% - AND 34% OVER EUR 30,000

Capital income (pääomatulo) is taxed at 30% up to EUR 30,000 and 34% on the excess (TVL 124.2 §). The threshold applies to total net taxable capital income of all types combined: gains + the 85% taxable share of listed dividends + interest + other capital income − deductions, per person per year. Capital income bears state tax only - no municipal or church tax. The Yle tax (2.5% above EUR 15,150, capped at EUR 160) is levied automatically.

CORRECTION DEADLINES ARE NOW IN APRIL - YOUR PERSONAL DATE IS PRINTED ON THE RETURN

The pre-completed return appears in OmaVero at the end of February (tax year 2025: 26-27 February 2026). Since spring 2025 the correction deadlines moved from May to April: 1 April for business operators and their spouses, otherwise 14, 21 or 28 April 2026 - your personal date is printed on the return. MyTax by 23:59, paper by 16:15. Residual tax accrues "interest with relief" (4.5% in 2026) from 1 February - avoidable by paying an additional prepayment (lisäennakko) by about 1 February.

Why Finnish investment-tax reporting is hard

  • -The pre-completed return is empty for foreign brokers: you compute and report every trade, dividend and interest payment yourself, converted to euros per leg - the sale price at the rate of the day it was received, the acquisition cost at the acquisition-date rate
  • -Form 9A wants per-lot itemisation: one row may aggregate only shares with an identical acquisition date AND price - a year of active trading means hundreds of rows
  • -FIFO is the statutory disposal order (TVL 47.4 §; KHO 2024:123 rejected average cost): lots must be matched in acquisition order per book-entry account or custody, across all your brokers
  • -The deemed acquisition cost is a per-lot choice: 20% or 40% of the sale price replaces both the cost and all expenses - finding the more favourable basis by hand is error-prone
  • -Foreign withholding is credited only up to the treaty rate, and the overall cap is pooled per income category across all countries (menetelmälaki 4 §) - the excess must be reclaimed from the source state, not from Vero
  • -CFD losses are not deductible at all (KHO 2010:74) even though the gains are taxed - and crypto-to-crypto swaps are taxable disposals (KHO 2019:42)

What Tax-Wizard does for you

✅ Automatic calculations

  • Statutory FIFO matching (TVL 47.4 §, KHO 2024:123) per broker/custody - for shares, fund units and crypto-assets alike
  • The 20%/40% deemed acquisition cost computed for every lot and compared against actual cost plus expenses - the more favourable basis is used and flagged per row
  • EUR conversion per transaction leg: sale price at the receipt-date rate, acquisition cost at the acquisition-date rate, from the ECB reference series
  • EUR 1,000 threshold tracked on aggregate proceeds of all disposals, including the mirror rule for losses

📄 An OmaVero-ready result

  • Transcription-ready rows per form: per-lot 9A itemisation · Form 9 for crypto with the PDF attachment · 16B dividends and interest grouped per country
  • Withholding credit per row capped at the treaty rate - the excess shown separately as "reclaim from the source state"
  • CFD and OTC losses kept out of every total and listed on a Review sheet with the non-deductibility warning
  • Warnings: crossing the 34% band, osakesäästötili out of scope, nominee-registered prepayment trap, mining = earned income

Shares, ETFs & funds - capital gains (TVL 45-47 §)

A capital gain (luovutusvoitto) is taxable capital income: sale price − acquisition cost − selling expenses. The acquisition cost includes the purchase price, purchase commissions, any transfer tax paid and fund subscription fees; selling expenses are deducted separately. The tax is 30% up to EUR 30,000 and 34% on the excess - combined with all your other capital income. Ordinary broker trades executed on a regulated market or MTF through an investment firm carry no Finnish transfer tax (VSVL 15a §); purely foreign securities are outside Finnish transfer-tax scope entirely.

How the gain is computed

Step Rule
1. Disposal orderFIFO - book-entry securities, fund units and (with explicit statutory wording from 1 January 2026) crypto-assets are deemed disposed of in acquisition order unless the taxpayer shows otherwise (TVL 47.4 §)
2. EUR conversionSale price at the rate of the day the price was received, acquisition cost at the acquisition-date rate - each leg separately (Form 16B instructions)
3. Gain per lotSale price − (acquisition cost + buying expenses) − selling expenses, OR sale price − deemed acquisition cost - whichever is more favourable, lot by lot
4. EUR 1,000 ruleIf the aggregate sale prices of all property disposed of in the year are at most EUR 1,000, the gains are tax-free (TVL 48.6 §)
5. Tax30% / 34% over EUR 30,000 of net capital income (TVL 124.2 §)

Deemed acquisition cost - hankintameno-olettama (TVL 46.1 §)

Holding period Deemed cost (of the sale price) Taxable share
Under 10 years20%80% of proceeds
10 years or more40%60% of proceeds

The deemed cost replaces both the actual acquisition cost and all expenses - selling costs cannot be added on top. With it, a loss can never arise. The choice is made per disposal / per acquisition lot, taking whichever deduction is greater (Form 9A instructions). Available for listed shares, ETF and fund units, crypto (KHO 2019:42) and listed transferable warrants - not for futures, CFDs or equity-savings-account withdrawals.

Worked example - deemed cost after a 12-year holding

You bought a share lot in 2013 for EUR 2,000 including fees and sell it in 2025 for EUR 10,000.
Actual cost: gain = 10,000 − 2,000 = EUR 8,000.
Deemed cost 40% (held ≥ 10 years): gain = 10,000 − 4,000 = EUR 6,000.
The deemed cost wins → taxable gain EUR 6,000, tax at 30% = EUR 1,800 (if your total capital income stays under EUR 30,000). Tax-Wizard runs this comparison for every single lot automatically.

EUR 1,000 is a cliff, not an allowance - and losses have a mirror rule

Gains are tax-free if the aggregate sale prices of all disposals in the tax year (securities + funds + crypto + other property, excluding ordinary household effects and separately exempt disposals) are at most EUR 1,000 (TVL 48.6 §). It is a cliff: at EUR 1,001 of total proceeds, everything becomes taxable. The mirror rule (TVL 50.2 §): losses are not deductible if the aggregate sale prices and the aggregate acquisition costs are each at most EUR 1,000. The rule does not apply to equity-savings-account withdrawals.

FIFO per book-entry account and per custody

FIFO applies per book-entry account (arvo-osuustili) when the taxpayer can show which account the sale came from - not as one pooled position. Foreign brokers (Revolut, Trading212 and the like) hold assets in omnibus custody with no Finnish arvo-osuustili; the established practical reading is FIFO per custody/broker by analogy - Vero guidance has not squarely resolved this, so Tax-Wizard flags multi-broker situations visibly. Average cost, LIFO and free lot-picking are not statutory alternatives (KHO 2024:123).

Accumulating ETFs: no annual taxation

Finland has no deemed-distribution regime (no analogue of Germany's Vorabpauschale or Ireland's 8-year deemed disposal). Accumulating (kasvuosuus) ETFs and funds are taxed only on disposal as capital gains; distribution (tuotto-osuus) payouts are 100% taxable capital income in the payment year.

A fund switch is a disposal - a unit-class conversion is not

Switching to another fund - even within the same umbrella or management company - is a taxable disposal (KHO 10.5.2000 t. 862). Converting between distribution and accumulation units within the same fund is not a disposal (KVL 102/1998), and fund mergers are tax-neutral with continuity of cost and holding period (KHO 2004:112, KHO 2014:138).

⚠️ The equity savings account (osakesäästötili) is a separate world

Inside an equity savings account (TVL 53b §) trades do not trigger tax - tax arises only on withdrawal, on the pro-rata gain share. Inside the account there is no hankintameno-olettama, no EUR 1,000 exemption, and foreign withholding tax charged inside the account is lost - it is never credited. The deposit cap is EUR 100,000. The account is out of scope for Tax-Wizard's calculation; if osakesäästötili activity shows up in your files, you get a warning instead of wrong numbers.

Dividends - the 85/15 split and foreign withholding (TVL 33a-33c §)

Dividends from listed companies (including MTF/First North listings) are 85% taxable capital income and 15% tax-free (TVL 33a §). The effective rate is therefore 25.5% in the 30% band and 28.9% in the 34% band. Finnish listed payers withhold a 25.5% prepayment at source; foreign payers withhold their own country's tax, and the rest is settled through your return - foreign dividends are reported on Form 16B, grouped per country.

When a foreign dividend qualifies for 85/15 (TVL 33c §)

Paying company Treatment
A company within the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive85% capital income / 15% tax-free
A company liable - without option or exemption - to at least 10% tax on the distributed profit AND resident in the EEA or in a treaty state whose treaty applies to the dividend85% capital income / 15% tax-free
Any other foreign company (no EEA residence, no applicable treaty - or the 10% tax test fails)100% taxable EARNED income (TVL 33c.3 §) - progressive rates

The earned-income trap is real: a dividend from a non-treaty state (or from a company failing the tests) is taxed in full at progressive earned-income rates and reported on Form 16A, not 16B. US REIT dividends (the elective regime may fail the "without option" test) and US MLP/PTP distributions (partnership income, outside 33c § entirely) are unpublished borderline cases - Tax-Wizard routes them to the Review sheet instead of guessing.

The foreign withholding credit (menetelmälaki 1552/1995)

Rule Content
MethodCredit method: foreign tax is credited against the Finnish tax on the same income
Treaty-rate limitOnly tax up to the treaty maximum is creditable (e.g. 15% for US dividends) - excess withholding is reclaimed from the source state, never from Vero (Form 16B instructions)
Overall capPooled per income category (capital vs earned), all countries aggregated - NOT per country (menetelmälaki 4 §): at most the Finnish tax on the category × foreign income / category income, net of expenses and interest
Unused creditCarries forward 5 years on request, same category, oldest first (menetelmälaki 5 §); retroactive claims via Form 70

Worked example - a US dividend with 30% withheld

You receive a gross USD 1,000 dividend from a US listed company; no W-8BEN was on file, so the US withheld 30% = USD 300.
In Finland: 85% × USD 1,000 is taxable capital income → Finnish tax in the 30% band ≈ the equivalent of USD 255.
Credit = at most the treaty's 15% = USD 150 → roughly USD 105 equivalent remains payable to Finland.
The other USD 150 (30% − 15%) must be reclaimed from the United States through the source-state refund procedure - Vero will never credit it. Tax-Wizard caps the credit per row at the treaty rate and shows the excess in a "reclaim from source state" column.

⚠️ Finnish dividends held through a foreign broker (nominee registration)

When you hold Finnish shares through a foreign broker's nominee registration, the payer may have withheld a 25.5%, 35% or even 50% Finnish prepayment (EPL 4a §, the TRACE regime). That is a domestic prepayment credited in your final assessment - it is not foreign withholding tax and does not belong on Form 16B. Mixing the two up leads to double-claimed or lost credits.

Return of capital (SVOP) from a listed company = always a dividend

A distribution from the reserve for invested unrestricted equity by a listed company is always taxed as a dividend (TVL 33a.3 §) - the 85/15 split, with no reduction of your acquisition cost. Only unlisted-company distributions can exceptionally get capital-gain treatment (own investment returned within 10 years, with proof; TVL 45a § and 46a §).

Interest & P2P lending - two different regimes

Finnish interest income falls into two regimes: the domestic source tax on interest (korkotulon lähdevero - a final 30%, never reported on the return) and everything else as TVL 33 § capital income (30%/34%, self-reported). Interest paid by foreign brokers always belongs to the second group.

Type of interest Tax Reporting
Deposits with Finnish deposit banks (or Finnish branches of foreign credit institutions); Finnish bonds offered to the publicFinal 30% source tax (act 1341/1990)Withheld by the bank - not reported on the return
Foreign broker or bank interest: IBKR credit interest, Trading212 cash interest, Revolut Bank UAB savings interest30% / 34% capital incomeSelf-reported: Form 16B / OmaVero foreign capital income
Foreign bond coupons; zero-coupon discount realised at sale or redemption30% / 34% capital incomeSelf-reported: 16B - after-market compensation received is capital income (TVL 32 §), paid is deductible (TVL 54a §)
P2P lending interest (Mintos, Bondora, PeerBerry etc.)30% / 34% capital incomeSelf-reported: 16B / other capital income
Money-market fund products (Revolut "cash funds", some T212 QMMF interest)Fund units → capital-gains regimeNot interest - the product's legal form decides; ambiguous rows go to the Review sheet

P2P principal losses: deductible only when FINAL (KHO 2018:11)

KHO 2018:11 held that platform-intermediated P2P receivables are securities, so a final loss of the principal is a deductible capital loss (TVL 50.3 § 2 k). The finality bar is high (Vero position statement VH/6697/00.01.00/2022): for consumer P2P, a write-off based on the debtor's insolvency certificate; for business crowdfunding, the borrower's bankruptcy with no distribution. A platform's own write-off is not sufficient on its own - Tax-Wizard lists write-offs on the Review sheet rather than deducting them automatically.

The EUR 50 floor on asset-management expenses (TVL 54 §)

Expenses for the management and safekeeping of assets (custody fees, portfolio-management fees) are deductible from capital income only to the extent they exceed EUR 50 per year. Trading costs are not affected - they are deducted directly in the capital-gains computation as part of the acquisition cost or selling expenses.

Crypto-assets - capital-gains taxation and Form 9

Crypto disposals are taxed as capital gains (KHO 2019:42; Vero guidance "Kryptovarojen verotus" VH/3057/00.01.00/2025, 18 December 2025). Crypto-to-crypto swaps and spending crypto on goods or services are taxable disposals - no fiat needs to change hands. The disposal order is FIFO (KHO 2024:123 rejected average cost; TVL 47.4 § names crypto-assets from 1 January 2026), with per-wallet/account tracking accepted if you can evidence it. The 20%/40% deemed acquisition cost is available, and crypto proceeds count toward the same EUR 1,000 aggregate as securities. Losses are deductible (the case law changed with KHO 2019:42).

Which events are taxable

Event Taxable? Treatment
Buying crypto with fiatNoForms the acquisition cost
Selling crypto for fiatYesCapital gain/loss, FIFO
Swapping crypto for crypto (BTC → ETH)YesDisposal at the fair value of the crypto received (KHO 2019:42)
Paying with crypto (goods/services)YesDisposal at the value at the time of use
Staking rewardsYes - at receiptOther capital income at fair value at receipt; the taxed value becomes the acquisition cost of the coins received
AirdropsYes - at receiptCapital income if based on existing holdings; earned income if consideration for a service; basis = taxed value
Mining (proof of work)Yes - EARNED incomeTVL 61 §, valued at receipt (or a period average); reported as "other earned income"
Hard fork - new coinsNoBasis EUR 0, holding period starts at the fork; the original position is unchanged. An automatic 1:1 token migration is not a disposal
Transfers between your own walletsNoNot a disposal
Lending crypto to a platform with free disposal rights over the coins (Nexo-style)Yes - already when handed overThe handover itself is a disposal; the return is a new acquisition. Lending rewards are capital income at receipt

Theft and exchange-collapse losses are not deductible

A crypto-asset is not a security, so the TVL 50.3 § final-value-loss rule does not apply: crypto lost to an exchange collapse or theft cannot be deducted in any form. The same guidance also reconfirms the OTC-derivative loss ban for crypto derivatives (see the next section).

Reporting: per disposal - a year total only with a PDF attachment

Crypto disposals are reported in the OmaVero capital-gains section with property type virtual currency (paper Form 9, deemed-cost field 4.8) - in principle each disposal itemised. Vero also accepts a year-total entry (selling date 31 Dec, acquisition date 1 Jan) if you attach an itemised PDF calculation - Excel files are refused - with gains and losses as two separate entries. Tax-Wizard produces exactly that PDF itemisation and the two summary entries.

DAC8 is coming - but only from tax year 2026

Crypto-asset service-provider reporting to Vero (DAC8/CARF) starts with tax year 2026, with the first reports filed in 2027. For 2025 and earlier the pre-completed return contains no crypto data at all - and even afterwards, responsibility for correct FIFO computation and acquisition costs stays with you.

Derivatives, CFDs & certificates - two entirely different worlds

Derivative taxation (Vero guidance VH/3412/00.01.00/2022) splits sharply depending on whether the instrument is standardized and traded on a regulated market or OTC/non-standardized. The distinction is not a technicality - it decides whether your losses are deductible at all.

Standardized derivatives on regulated markets CFDs and other OTC / non-standardized derivatives
ScopeMarkets under the Trading in Financial Instruments Act (748/2012); after KVL 1/2021 also equivalent non-EEA markets, e.g. SEC-registered US exchanges (Commission decision (EU) 2022/552)CFDs, rolling spot forex, non-standardized options and forwards, crypto derivatives
GainsCapital gains (TVL 45.3 §)Other capital income (TVL 32 §)
LossesDeductible - including expiry (TVL 50.3 §)NOT deductible in any way (KHO 2010:74)
Deemed acquisition costNot for futures (no acquisition cost); for options the premium is the costNever
NettingNormal capital gain/loss computationPer position - profitable and losing CFD positions may not be netted against each other

⚠️ CFD losses: the zero-deduction rule is current law

KHO 2010:74 is still in force - Vero reconfirmed the position for crypto derivatives in the guidance dated 18 December 2025, and no fix is included in the 2025/2026 tax packages. CFD gains are taxed as other capital income, but the losses are deductible neither as capital losses nor as expenses, position by position. A losing CFD year can therefore still produce tax to pay on the winning positions even when the overall result is negative. Tax-Wizard keeps CFD losses out of every total and lists them on the Review sheet with the warning.

Listed warrants, certificates and turbos = securities

Securitized, exchange-listed and transferable warrants, certificates and turbos are taxed as securities: normal capital gains and losses, worthless expiry can be a final TVL 50.3 § loss, and the hankintameno-olettama is available. The boundary: non-transferable OTC warrants stay in TVL 32 § with no loss deduction (KHO 2013:117); pure derivatives quoted only on an MTF are a gray zone → Review flag.

Option specifics

In a physically settled call the premium is added to the underlying's acquisition cost; in a put the premium is deducted from the delivered shares' sale price (KHO 2012:69). In cash settlement the settlement amount is the disposal price and the premium the cost. Expiry of a regulated-market option → the premium is a deductible loss.

Capital losses - ordering and the 5-year carryforward (TVL 50 §)

Capital losses arising in 2016 or later are deducted in a fixed statutory order - and they never turn into the deficit credit against earned-income tax.

The deduction order

Step Deducted from
1.Capital gains of the same year
2.Other net capital income of the same year (the taxable share of dividends, interest, rent…)
3.The unused remainder carries forward 5 tax years - oldest losses first, carried-forward losses before the current year's fresh ones. No carryback.

Vero applies confirmed losses automatically in later years - but only if the losses were reported in the first place. That is why loss years must also be itemised on Form 9A and Form 9.

Never the deficit credit, never a spousal transfer

Capital losses never generate the deficit credit (alijäämähyvitys) against earned-income tax - that credit (30%, max EUR 1,400 plus child increases) covers only a capital-income deficit, i.e. expenses and interest exceeding capital income, not disposal losses. Losses are also strictly personal: they cannot be transferred to a spouse. A separate rule in TVL 50.3 § equates with a disposal loss the final loss of value of a security (bankruptcy or comparable) - but not of crypto.

Worked example - the order in which losses are used

In 2025 you have EUR 3,000 of capital losses, EUR 1,000 of capital gains and EUR 800 of taxable dividend income.
1. EUR 1,000 of losses offsets the gains → gains 0.
2. EUR 800 of losses is deducted from the taxable dividend share → other capital income 0.
3. The remaining EUR 1,200 is confirmed as a loss and carries forward to 2026-2030, oldest first.
None of it touches your earned-income tax - and none of it can be moved to your spouse.

Filing in OmaVero - deadlines and the form map

Key dates - tax year 2025, spring 2026

Date Event
~1 February 2026Last practical moment to pay an additional prepayment (lisäennakko) - residual tax starts accruing "interest with relief" (4.5% in 2026) from 1 February
26-27 February 2026The pre-completed return (esitäytetty veroilmoitus) becomes visible in OmaVero
1 April 2026Correction deadline for business operators and their spouses
14 / 21 / 28 April 2026Correction deadlines for everyone else - your personal date is printed on the return. MyTax by 23:59, paper by 16:15
3 August and 1 OctoberTypical residual-tax due dates in the year your assessment ends

No import file - the figures are transcribed into OmaVero

There is no CSV/XML import format for individuals (the Ilmoitin.fi record layouts cover only business forms), and OmaVero has no numbered forms - the equivalent sections are filled in online. That is why Tax-Wizard produces transcription-ready rows organised by form: you open the report next to OmaVero and copy the numbers across. For the crypto year-total entry, Tax-Wizard's PDF itemisation is attached.

Form map: which sheet goes to which OmaVero section

Tax-Wizard sheet OmaVero section / paper form Notes
SecuritiesCapital gains / Form 9A (3064e)Per-lot rows with columns 3.1-3.11: name, quantity, selling and acquisition dates, prices, expenses, deemed cost, gain/loss. One row only for an identical acquisition date AND price. Must be filed even for exempt gains and non-deductible losses
CryptoCapital gains, property type virtual currency / Form 9 (3013e)Per disposal, or as a year total with the PDF attachment; gains and losses as two entries; deemed-cost field 4.8
DividendsForeign capital income / Form 16B (3062e)Per country: country, gross amount, payer, listed-company flag, foreign tax capped at the treaty rate
InterestForeign capital income / Form 16B, other capital incomeForeign broker and P2P interest per country: country, payer, gross, tax withheld
Review sheetCase by case - e.g. Form 16A (earned income: mining, 33c.3 § dividends), Form 70 (credit carryforward)CFD losses, P2P write-offs, REIT/MLP rows, osakesäästötili activity - check before filing

Lisäennakko - the cheapest way to handle a big gain year

If 2025 was profitable, compute the tax in advance and pay an additional prepayment in OmaVero by about 1 February 2026 - then no late-payment interest accrues on the residual tax at all. Tax-Wizard's summary sheet gives you the tax base directly.

Frequently asked questions

Do I pay tax if I sold less than EUR 1,000 of investments in the year?

No - if the aggregate sale prices of ALL property you disposed of in the tax year (securities + crypto + other property, excluding household effects) are at most EUR 1,000, the gains are tax-free (TVL 48.6 §). It is a cliff, not an allowance: at EUR 1,001 of total proceeds everything becomes taxable. The mirror rule also blocks losses if both total proceeds and total acquisition costs stay at or under EUR 1,000 each.

Which tax rate applies to my investment income?

Capital income is taxed at 30% up to EUR 30,000 of total net taxable capital income per year and 34% on the excess (TVL 124.2 §). The threshold counts everything together - gains, the 85% taxable share of listed dividends, interest and other capital income, after deductions. Capital income bears state tax only, with no municipal or church tax.

Are CFD losses deductible?

No. Under KHO 2010:74 - still current law, reconfirmed for crypto derivatives on 18 December 2025 - CFD and other OTC-derivative gains are other capital income (TVL 32 §), but the losses are deductible neither as capital losses nor as expenses, per position and with no netting. Only standardized derivatives on regulated markets (including equivalent US exchanges per KVL 1/2021) get full capital-gains treatment with deductible losses.

How is US dividend withholding credited?

A listed US company's dividend is 85% taxable capital income (TVL 33c §). The foreign tax credit is capped at the treaty's 15% - even if 30% was withheld because no W-8BEN was on file. The excess 15% must be reclaimed from the United States, not from Vero. The overall credit cap is pooled per income category across all countries (menetelmälaki 4 §), and unused credit carries forward five years on request.

Is crypto-to-crypto trading taxed?

Yes. Every crypto disposal is a taxable capital-gains event (KHO 2019:42) - including swaps into another cryptocurrency and paying with crypto, with no fiat involved. FIFO is the mandatory starting point (KHO 2024:123), the 20/40% deemed acquisition cost is available, and crypto proceeds count toward the same EUR 1,000 threshold as securities.

Does Revolut or my foreign broker report my trades to Vero?

No. Foreign brokers do not report to the Finnish Tax Administration, so none of their trades, dividends or interest appears in your pre-completed return - you self-report everything in OmaVero. For crypto, DAC8 service-provider reporting starts with tax year 2026 (first reports in 2027); for securities the responsibility remains entirely yours.

When is the deemed acquisition cost worth using?

When your actual acquisition cost plus expenses is below 20% of the sale price (held under 10 years) or below 40% (held 10 years or more). The deemed cost replaces both the cost and all expenses - you cannot add selling costs on top - so the taxable gain is always 80% or 60% of proceeds and a loss can never arise from it. The choice is per lot; Tax-Wizard computes both bases and picks the better one automatically.

What happens if I miss my April date?

If you make no corrections, the pre-completed return is deemed filed as it stands - for a foreign-broker investor that means unreported income, since the broker sends Vero nothing. Income corrected late or found in an audit can trigger a late-filing penalty or a punitive tax increase (veronkorotus) plus interest. Correct the return in OmaVero as soon as possible - and remember that residual tax accrues interest from 1 February unless you paid a lisäennakko.

Sources

Ready for the spring tax return?

Upload your broker files and Tax-Wizard produces an OmaVero-ready report: FIFO-matched per-lot 9A rows, the deemed-cost comparison for every lot, EUR 1,000 threshold tracking, per-country 16B dividend totals with treaty-capped credits, and the crypto PDF itemisation for attachment.

Start now →

This guide is informational and does not constitute tax advice. It reflects the 2025 tax year return corrected in spring 2026; verify your specific situation with a Finnish tax advisor or directly with the Finnish Tax Administration.

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